1. Definition and Historical Background
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), commercially known as Teflon® (a DuPont trademark), is a fully fluorinated synthetic polymer discovered accidentally in 1938. Its molecular structure consists of carbon chains densely shielded by fluorine atoms, earning it the title "King of Plastics".
2. Five Key Properties of PTFE
(1) Unmatched Chemical Inertness
Resistant to virtually all strong acids (e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid, aqua regia), alkalis (e.g., sodium hydroxide), and organic solvents (e.g., acetone, benzene).
Only reacts with molten alkali metals (e.g., liquid sodium) or fluorine gas at high temperatures.
(2) Lowest Coefficient of Friction
Friction coefficient (0.05–0.10) is lower than most solids, rivaling ice, making it ideal for self-lubricating bearings and piston ring coatings.
(3) Extreme Temperature Resistance
Operating range: -200°C to 260°C (short-term exposure up to 300°C), far exceeding conventional plastics (e.g., PVC max. 60°C).
(4) Superior Electrical Insulation
Dielectric constant of 2.1, perfect for high-frequency applications (5G antennas, radar systems).
(5) Non-Stick & Weatherproof Surface
Hydrophobic/oil-repellent properties enable non-stick cookware coatings, with near-zero degradation under UV exposure.
3. Manufacturing Process Overview
PTFE is produced via suspension or emulsion polymerization:
Raw Material Preparation: Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) monomer stored under low-temperature/high-pressure conditions.
Polymerization: Initiators (e.g., ammonium persulfate) trigger free-radical polymerization, yielding white PTFE powder. PTFE resin fine powder has many advantages, such as high chemical resistance, not easy to adhere, high temperature resistance, good electrical insulation, etc. These properties make it an important material in many industrial fields.
Learn more about PTFE resin fine powder
Post-Processing: Sintered at 380°C or machined (skived, calendered) into sheets, films, or components.
4. Critical Industrial Applications
| Industry | Typical Uses | Advantage |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical | Reactor linings, gaskets | Corrosion resistance, longevity |
| Electronics | High-frequency cable insulation, PCBs | Low dielectric loss, signal stability |
| Mechanical | Bearing coatings, piston rings | Wear reduction, lubrication-free |
| Food | Non-stick cookware, conveyor belts | FDA-compliant, easy cleaning |
5. Comparison with Other Engineering Plastics
PTFE vs. Nylon (PA): Nylon offers higher tensile strength but fails at 120°C and lacks chemical resistance.
PTFE vs. PEEK: PEEK allows injection molding and has superior strength, but costs 3–5x more.
6. Future Innovations
Nano-enhanced PTFE: Graphene/carbon fiber additives boost wear resistance (e.g., aerospace gears).
Eco-friendly PTFE: Recycling technologies to reduce perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) environmental impact.
Conclusion: PTFE remains indispensable in high-performance industries due to its unique properties. Understanding its capabilities enables engineers to optimize material selection.
PTFE powder resistant to strong acids and alkalis protects chemical equipment
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